Resources

Abduh, A., Ramly, R., & Maman, M. (2021). Lecturers’ motivation of using English medium instruction to support internationalization of Indonesian universities. TESOL International Journal, 16(6.1), 142–160. indonesia

Aizawa, I., & Rose, H. (2020). High school to university transitional challenges in English medium instruction in Japan. System, 95, 102390. japan

Aizawa, I. (2025). A comparative study of Japanese and English medium instruction: The driving factors behind academic success. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 46(2), 379–391. japan

Al Hakim, M. A. (2021). Revealing the potential impacts of English-medium instruction (EMI) in Indonesian higher education context. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 9(2), 461–472. indonesia

Arik, B. T., & Arik, E. (2014). The role and status of English in Turkish higher education. English Today, 30(4), 5–10. turkey

Armostis, S., & Terkourafi, M. (2019). Not all positive: On the landscape of thanking items in Cypriot Greek. In E. Ogiermann & P. G.–C. Blitvich (Eds.), From speech acts to lay understandings of politeness: Multilingual and multicultural perspectives (pp. 117–145). Cambridge University Press. cyprus

Arudou, D. (2015). Embedded racism: Japan’s visible minorities and racial discrimination. Lexington Books. japan

Asaoka, T., & Yano, J. (2009). The contribution of “study abroad” programs to Japanese internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 174–188. japan

Aspinall, R. W. (2010). Education reform in Japan in an era of internationalization and risk. Center for Risk Research, Shiga University. japan

Aydın, F., & Karakaş, A. (2021). Turkish EFL teachers’ awareness about ELF and the underlying ideologies behind their (non)-awareness. Reading Matrix, 21(1), 72–88. turkey

Badat, S. (2008, March). Redressing the colonial/apartheid legacy: Social equity, redress and higher education admissions in democratic South Africa. In Conference on Affirmative Action in Higher Education in India, the United States and South Africa (pp. 19–21). New Delhi, India. south africa

Baker, W., & Jarunthawatchai, W. (2017). English language policy in Thailand. European Journal of Language Policy, 9(1), 27–44. thailand

Baker, W., & Hüttner, J. (2019). “We are not the language police”: Comparing multilingual EMI programmes in Europe and Asia. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 29(1), 78–94. thailand

Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. C. (2015a). Developing an ELF-aware pedagogy: Insights from a self-education programme. In P. Vettorel (Ed.), New frontiers in teaching and learning English (pp. 55–76). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. turkey

Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. C. (2015b). ELF-aware in-service teacher education: A transformative perspective. In H. Bowles & A. Cogo (Eds.), International perspectives on teaching English as a lingua franca (pp. 117–135). Palgrave Macmillan. turkey

Bayyurt, Y., Kurt, Y., Öztekin, E., Guerra, L., Cavalheiro, L., & Pereira, R. (2019). English language teachers’ awareness of English as a lingua franca in multilingual and multicultural contexts. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 185–202. turkey

Bharuthram, S. (2012). Making a case for the teaching of reading across the curriculum in higher education. South African Journal of Education, 32(2), 205–214. south africa

Biricik Deniz, E. (2017). A case study on ELF-aware pre-service language teacher education model: Theory into practice. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. turkey

Bradford, A. (2015). Internationalization policy at the genba (Doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University). japan

Bradford, A., & Brown, H. (Eds.). (2017). English-medium instruction in Japanese higher education: Policy, challenges and outcomes. Multilingual Matters. japan

Bradley, D. (2010). Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. In M. J. Ball (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of sociolinguistics around the world (pp. 98–107). Routledge. thailand

British Council. (2015). English and higher education in Indonesia. indonesia

British Council. (2021). The state of English as medium of instruction (EMI) in higher education institutions in Indonesia. indonesia

Brock-Utne, B. (2003). The language question in Africa in the light of globalisation, social justice and democracy. International Journal of Peace Studies, 8(2), 67–87. south africa

Brown, H. (2017). Why and why now? Understanding the rapid rise of English-medium instruction in higher education in Japan. Journal of International Studies and Regional Development, 8, 1–16. japan

Brown, H. (2018). Getting started with English-medium instruction in Japan: Key factors in program planning and implementation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham. japan

Brown, H., & Iyobe, B. (2014). The growth of English medium instruction in Japan. In S. Nonda & A. Krause (Eds.), JALT 2013 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT. japan

Buschfeld, S. (2013). English in Cyprus or Cyprus English: An empirical investigation of variety status. English World-Wide, 34(3), 305–334. cyprus

Chen, R. T. H. (2022). Effects of Global Englishes-oriented pedagogy in the EFL classroom. System, 111, 102946. taiwan

Chen, S. C. (2010). Multilingualism in Taiwan. taiwan

Chen, S. C. (2020). Language policy and practice in Taiwan in the early twenty-first century. In V. Shih (Ed.), Language diversity in the Sinophone world: Historical trajectories, language planning, and multilingual practices (pp. 122–141). Routledge. taiwan

Charamba, E., & Zano, K. (2019). Effects of translanguaging as an intervention strategy in a South African chemistry classroom. Bilingual Research Journal, 42(3), 291–307. south africa

Chapple, J. (2014). “Global Jinzai,” Japanese higher education, and the path to multiculturalism: Imperative, imposter, or immature? In K. Shimizu & W. S. Bradley (Eds.), Multiculturalism and conflict reconciliation in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 213–228). Palgrave Macmillan. japan

De Klerk, V. (2002). Language issues in education in South Africa. Multilingual Matters. south africa

Dearden, J., Akincioglu, M., & Macaro, E. (2016). EMI in Turkish universities: Collaborative planning and student voices. Report. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://elt.oup.com/elt/catalogue/pdf/emi_research_report.pdf turkey

De Wet, C. (2002). Factors influencing the choice of English as language of learning and teaching (LoLT)—a South African perspective. South African Journal of Education, 22(2), 119–124. south africa

Demircan, Ö. (1988). Dünden bugüne Türkiye’de yabancı dil. İstanbul: Remzi. turkey

Demirel, Ö. (1986). Anatolian High Schools and their contributions to the Turkish educational system. Ankara Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 27–34. turkey

Davy, J., & Pavlou, P. (2001). Is Cyprus an ESL country? In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of the Greek Applied Linguistics Association (pp. 209–215). Thessaloniki: Gramma Publishers. cyprus

Elerian, M., & Solomou, E. A. (2023). International or internationalised? Exploring issues faced by international schools in local markets: A Cyprus case study. Journal of Research in International Education, 22(1), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/14752409231160712 cyprus

Fleisch, B., Taylor, S., Schöer, V., & Mabogoane, T. (2017). Failing to catch up in reading in the middle years: The findings of the impact evaluation of the Reading Catch-Up Programme in South Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 53, 36–47. south africa

Floris, F. D. (2014). Learning subject matter through English as the medium of instruction: Students’ and teachers’ perspectives. Asian Englishes, 16(1), 47–59. indonesia

Fotiou, C. (2015). An empirical study of English in Cypriot Greek conversations and print media. (PhD thesis). University of Essex. cyprus

Fotiou, C. (2018). A linguistic analysis of Cypriot Greek–English compound verbs. Lingua, 215, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.09.001 cyprus

Fotiou, C. (2019). Debunking a myth: The Greek language in Cyprus is not being destroyed. International Journal of Bilingualism, 23(6), 1358–1384. cyprus

Fotiou, C. (2023). English in Cyprus. English Today, 39(4), 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078422000268 cyprus

Fujimoto-Adamson, N. (2006). Globalization and the history of English education in Japan. Asian EFL Journal, 8(3), 269–282. japan

Fujimoto-Adamson, N., & Adamson, J. (2018). From EFL to EMI: Hybrid practices in English as a medium of instruction in Japanese tertiary contexts. In Y. Kırkgöz & K. Dikilitaş (Eds.), Key issues in English for specific purposes in higher education (pp. 201–221). Springer. japan

İnal, D. (2018). Tracing changes in the role of English in Turkey’s educational sphere. In Z. S. Genç (Ed.), Updating perspectives on English language teaching and teacher education (pp. 13–34). Berlin: Peter Lang. turkey

Houghton, S. A., & Hashimoto, K. (Eds.) (2018). Towards Post-Native-Speakerism: Dynamics and Shifts. Springer.

Houghton, S. A., & Rivers, D. J. (Eds.) (2013). Native-speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education. Multilingual Matters.

Houghton, S. A., Rivers, D. J., & Hashimoto, K. (2018). Beyond native-speakerism: Current explorations and future visions. Routledge.

İnal, D., & Özdemir, E. (2015). Reconsidering the English language teacher education programs in Turkey from an ELF standpoint: What do academia, pre-service and in-service teachers think? In Y. Bayyurt & S. Akcan (Eds.), Current perspectives on pedagogy for English as a lingua franca (pp. 135–152). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110335965 turkey

Ishikawa, T. (2021). Global Englishes and “Japanese English.” Asian Englishes, 23(1), 15–29. japan

Karpava, S. (2022). Multilingual linguistic landscape of Cyprus. International Journal of Multilingualism, 21(2), 823–861. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2022.2096890 cyprus

Karakaş, A. (2013). The expansion of the English language across Turkey: Threat or opportunity? Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 3, 159–159. turkey

Karakaş, A. (2019). An analysis of the high school English curriculum in Turkey from an ELF perspective. i-manager’s Journal on English Language Teaching, 9(2), 1–10. turkey

Karakaş, A., & Bayyurt, Y. (2019). The scope of linguistic diversity in the language policies, practices, and linguistic landscape of a Turkish EMI university. In Linguistic diversity on the EMI campus (pp. 96–122). Routledge. turkey

Kathard, H., Ramma, L., Pascoe, M., Jordaan, H., Moonsamy, S., Wium, A. M., du Plessis, S., Pottas, L., & Khan, N. B. (2011). How can speech-language therapists and audiologists enhance language and literacy outcomes in South Africa? South African Journal of Communication Disorders. south africa

Kemaloğlu-Er, E. (2017). Integrating ELF-awareness into pre-service teacher education: Insights from theory and practical experience. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey. turkey

Kemaloğlu-Er, E. (2021). Explicit, implicit or both? Novel ways of ELF integration into Global Englishes language teaching. In A. F. Selvi & B. Yazan (Eds.), Language teacher education for Global Englishes – A practical resource book (pp. 94–99). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003082712 turkey

Kemaloğlu-Er, E., & Bayyurt, Y. (2018). ELF-aware pre-service teacher education: Teaching practices and reflections from Turkey. In L. Cavalheiro (Ed.), Preparing English language teachers for today’s globalized world (pp. 47–63). Lisbon: Humus & University of Lisbon Centre for English Studies. turkey

Kemaloğlu-Er, E., & Bayyurt, Y. (2019a). ELF-awareness in teaching and teacher education: Explicit and implicit ways of integrating ELF into the English language classroom. In N. C. Sifakis & N. Tsantila (Eds.), English as a lingua franca for EFL contexts (pp. 147–163). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788921770 turkey

Kemaloğlu-Er, E., & Bayyurt, Y. (2019b). Project-based and ELF-aware pre-service teacher education in Turkey: Sample cases of discovery, creativity, interaction and multicultural diversity. In A. Gras-Velazquez (Ed.), Project-based learning in second language acquisition: Building communities of practice in higher education (pp. 82–97). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429457432 turkey

Keyuravong, S. (2010). Insights from Thailand. In Learning through English: Policies, challenges and prospects: Insights from East Asia (pp. 69–95). British Council. thailand

Keyuravong, S. (2015). The implementation of an online collaborative project: Lessons learned from failure. In P. Darasawang & H. Reinders (Eds.), Innovation in language learning and teaching: The case of Thailand (pp. 63–75). Palgrave Macmillan. thailand

Kirkpatrick, A. (2012). English as an international language in ASEAN. Hong Kong University Press. south africa

Kirkpatrick, A. (2010). English as a lingua franca in ASEAN: A multilingual model. Hong Kong University Press. thailand

Kırkgöz, Y. (2005). Motivation and student perception of studying in an English-medium university. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 1(1), 101–123. turkey

Kırkgöz, Y. (2006). Teaching EFL at the primary level in Turkey. In M. McCloskey, M. Dolitsky, & J. Orr (Eds.), Teaching English as a foreign language in primary school (pp. 85–99). Alexandria: TESOL, Inc. turkey

Kırkgöz, Y. (2007a). Language planning and implementation in Turkish primary schools. Current Issues in Language Planning, 8(2), 174–191. turkey

Kırkgöz, Y. (2007b). English language teaching in Turkey: Policy changes and their implementations. RELC Journal, 38(2), 216–228. turkey

Kırkgöz, Y. (2014). Students’ perceptions of English language versus Turkish language used as the medium of instruction in higher education in Turkey. Turkish Studies – International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 9(12), 443–459. turkey

Kırkgöz, Y. (2017). English education policy in Turkey. In R. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), English language education policy in the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 235–256). Springer. turkey

Lin, S. W. (2022). Analysis of teacher cognitions and practices from a Global Englishes perspective: Cases of high school English teachers in Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of TESOL, 19(1), 35–58. taiwan

Parlak, B. (2008). Türkiye’de ortaöğretimde yabancı dille eğitim uygulamasının tarihsel süreci. Unpublished master’s thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul. turkey

Paxton, M. I. J. (2009). “It’s easy to learn when you’re using your home language but with English you need to start learning language before you get to the concept”: Bilingual concept development in an English-medium university in South Africa. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 30(4), 345–359. south africa

Probyn, M. (2015). Pedagogical translanguaging: Bridging discourses in South African science classrooms. Language and Education, 29(3), 218–234. south africa

Ruan, Y., & Wang, S. (2022). Teachers’ cognition of Global Englishes in the Taiwanese EFL context. Asian Englishes, 24(1), 44–58. taiwan

Sahan, K., & Galloway, N. (2020). English Medium Instruction in higher education in Thailand and Vietnam. British Council Research Report. thailand

Selvi, A. F. (2014). Myths and misconceptions about non-native English speakers in TESOL (NNEST) movement. In S. H. Choi & N. J. Kim (Eds.), Emerging issues in English education in Asia (pp. 15–36). Seoul: AsiaTEFL. turkey

Selvi, A. F. (2020). Teaching English as an international language. In C. Coombe & L. L. Stephenson (Eds.), Professionalizing your English language teaching (pp. 63–77). Springer. turkey

Selvi, A. F., & Yazan, B. (Eds.). (2021). Language teacher education for Global Englishes – A practical resource book. Routledge. turkey

Trakulkasemsuk, W. (2018). English in Thailand: Looking back to the past, at the present and towards the future. Asian Englishes, 20(2), 96–105. thailand

Tütüniş, B. (2012). A study on changes in English language teacher education in Turkey. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 31–35. turkey

Uztosun, M. S. (2017). An interpretive study into elementary school English teachers’ beliefs and practices in Turkey. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 13(2), 550–567. turkey

Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. (2014). English-taught programmes in European higher education: The state of play in 2014. Bonn: Lemmens Media. turkey

Wei, R., & Su, J. (2015). The statistics of English in China: An analysis of the best available data from government sources. Asian Englishes, 17(2), 132–144. taiwan

Yonezawa, A., Horta, H., & Osawa, A. (2016). Mobility, formation and development of the academic profession in Japan: A historical perspective. In T. Fumasoli, G. Goastellec, & B. Kehm (Eds.), Academic work and careers in Europe: Trends, challenges, perspectives (pp. 165–186). Springer. japan

Yonezawa, A., & Shimmi, Y. (2015). Transformation of university governance through internationalization: Challenges for top universities and government policies in Japan. Higher Education, 70(2), 173–186. japan

Zhou, Z. (2022). Teacher attitudes toward Global Englishes in Taiwan. ELT Journal, 76(4), 448–458. taiwan